1. ABSTRACT Though the fact Iraq is preparing and issuing a federal annual budget, on yearly basis, since 2004. Besides, and to some extents, Iraq is also adopting few well acknowledged internationally advanced norms in the structure and preparation of the annual budget. Notwithstanding, the existing practice of preparing the budget, being recurrent and/or investment version
Read MoreAbstract The bulk of revenue that is generated in the Iraqi Economy is from oil export. The oil sector is an enclave sector with very little interaction with other areas of the economy. Government Budgeting is the only medium by which development in the oil sector can be used to promote other areas of the economy. This demands a greater emphasis of the role of budgeting, as an
Read MoreKey Messages: • The Government expenditure for 2013 totals IQD 138.4 Trillion ($ 118.3 Billion), with an increase of 18% over 2012 and exceeding 70% of GDP. The budget has three main headings: Energy, Security / Defense and Social Services, accounting for 21%, 14%, and 13% respectively of total budget. • Investment Expenditure represents 40% (IQD 55.1 Trillion
Read MoreFor the full paper, including 2 appendices, click PDF file. Introduction Misconduct charges against the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) and banking system, before and after the replacement of the Governor in October 2012, have included two groups. The first relates to possible ‘misuse’ of CBI’s foreign exchange auction sales by banks, favouritism in allocating sales, and money lau
Read MoreFor full text of the paper including end-of-paper tables and appendix, click PDF file. Abstract The paper, first, looks at the multifaceted benchmarks that have been included in the various international arrangements with Iraq, post 2003, as conditions for aid and debt reduction. It is noted that for non-Paris Club debt the fulfillment of these benchmarks is only a ne
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