February 11, 2021 Washington, DC: On February 8, 2021 the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation [1] with Iraq. The COVID-19 pandemic and a sharp decline in oil revenues have exacerbated Iraq’s longstanding economic vulnerabilities. Real GDP contracted by an estimated 11 percent in 2020, reflecting a slowdown in non-
Read MoreAbstract This paper examines the fiscal and economic implications of Iraq’s current demographic trajectory. We find that, given Iraq’s almost total dependence on oil for government revenues, slight changes in the demographic transition rate could result in significant cumulative per capita expenditure changes- equivalent to $2.9bn, or approximately 7% of the current health b
Read MoreThe solar revolution is coming. It’s been building momentum for years and is quickly becoming unstoppable. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, installations in the United States have grown 35-fold since 2008. This trend is expected to continue, with installations set to double between 2019 and 2023. Some people may doubt that the future of energy production lies in har
Read MoreSince 2003, a total of 73 development policy, strategy, plan, roadmap, masterplan and government programme were prepared on the national, regional, local and sectoral levels. A list of these documents arranged in chronological sequence of the date of completion or approval is provided at the end of this article. These documents covered most of the economic, social,
Read MoreThe combined health and economic shocks of 2020 have impacted the livelihoods of millions of households, disrupted business activities, and exposed the fault lines in today’s social protection and healthcare systems. The crisis has also further accelerated the effects of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on trade, skills, digitization, competition and employment, and hi
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