Tracing Iraqi sovereign debt through defaults and restructuring. By Simon Hinrichsen, London School of Economic*

Abstract In 1979 Iraq was a net creditor to the world, due to its large oil reserves and lack of external debt. Fifteen years later, its government debt-to-GDP was over 1,000%. At the time of the U.S. invasion in 2003, Iraq was saddled with around $130 billion in external debt that needed to be restructured. How does a country incur so much debt, so fast, and how does it ge

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Worlbank: Iraq Economic Report

The Iraq Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the previous six months and presents findings from recent World Bank work on Iraq, placing them in a longer-term and global context and assessing the implications of these developments and other changes in policy regarding the outlook for Iraq. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy

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Worldbank: World Commodity Market Outlook April 2020

(1) The link below is for World Bank’s World Commodity Market Outlook April 2020. It was released on May 1. https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets (2) Its sections on energy, and oil in particular, including Box 1, pp 24-30, are very much worth reading. (3) It expects a price for oil (average of Brent, Dubai, and WTI) of $35/B for 2020 to rise to $42/B

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